 IBD is associated with many complications. However, for Ulcerative Colitis in particular there are five that are considered to be the most common. While medications will target the colon and immune system, complications tend to target extraintestinal, occurring outside the intestines, instead. This can make UC difficult to manage, as you are not only dealing with intestinal symptoms, but symptoms all over the body. Some UC patients actually struggle more with complications, than the disease itself. The good news is that under proper medical care you can address any and all of these complications and get them under control.Â
- Arthritis– this is the most common complication of UC that doesn’t occur in the intestines. In fact, approximately 25% of all UC patients deal with this. Arthritis simply put is inflammation of the joints. Arthritis like UC comes in levels of severity. Some experience joint pain, swelling, and loss of flexibility; while others develop immobility and loss of dexterity. With adequate calcium intake and consistent moderate exercise, you can reduce your risk of arthritis. This is also all the more reason to add a calcium supplement to your vitamin routine. Be sure to consult your health care first.
- Skin Disorders– ranging from canker sores to welts and lesions the type of skin disorder can really vary in UC patients. According to a study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that up to 5% of those with UC had some type of skin disorder. It is also common to easily bruise as well as see red tender bumps on your legs or arms. Many times, complications can mirror disease activity so be sure to address these skin issues with a professional. It may be necessary to use topical medications to get side effects to subside.
- Eye Disorders– Those with IBD in particular need to be vigilant about your yearly eye exams as Uveitis is severe inflammation of the eyes, causing glaucoma and vision loss if not treated. Your optometrist may recommend vitamin A supplements to help your overall eye health. Others will experience eye soreness and dryness. Thankfully all of this can be addressed with your eye doctor.Â
- Osteoporosis & Osteopenia– Both of these have to do with bone health, another extremely important factor for those with UC. Osteoporosis is loss of bone, whereas osteopenia is low bone density. Many people think these only occur in elderly patients, but in those with IBD it is often seen in early and middle adulthood. UC patients are more susceptible to these bone issues because of steroid use, excess inflammation, and vitamin deficiencies. By practicing weight bearing exercise and taking a vitamin D supplement can greatly reduce your risk.Â
- Liver Problems- Those with UC have a higher risk of encountering liver problems. Gallstones, pancreatitis, scarring of bile ducts, and fatty liver disease are all potential complications. Be sure to stay properly hydrated and have your liver function checked through blood work a few times a year. Early intervention in these liver issues is key and medication may be needed to manage them.Â
Many times, these complications mimic disease activity so be sure to inform your health care professional of any and all symptoms you experience. By catching complications early, you can minimize their effects and be sure you are receiving the proper medical care you need. Many times, when your UC symptoms are under control, your complications will subside. If you are experiencing active disease and complications, know that seeking proper care will not only help your symptoms but your long-term joint, skin, eye, bone, and liver health. Now that you know these complications are common for those with UC, adding them to your annual care routine could make all the difference.   Â
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